In this series, we celebrate the heroes of Africa and the African Diaspora who have significantly impacted politics, arts, sciences, and social justice, aiming to inspire future generations by exploring their struggles, triumphs, and lasting legacies while fostering a deeper understanding of African heritage and community in the pursuit of equality and justice. These remarkable individuals have not only challenged the status quo but also paved the way for transformative movements that resonate across the globe. By delving into their stories, we uncover the tenacity and creativity that fueled their quests for change, showcasing the richness of diverse experiences and perspectives. In doing so, we invite readers to reflect on the ongoing journey toward equity and to recognize the vital role that cultural heritage plays in shaping a just society. Through this exploration, we hope to ignite passion and purpose in younger generations, encouraging them to carry forward the torch of activism and advocacy in their own communities.
In today’s installment…
January 1st is the birthday of John Henrik Clarke, one of the greatest Grand Master Teachers in the realm of African history and culture. As we honor this significant date, we reflect on the profound impact he had on countless individuals through his teachings, writings, and lectures. His words resonated deeply, inspiring generations to embrace their identity and understand the complexities of their heritage. He dedicated his life to educating others about the rich heritage of African people and the vital contributions they have made throughout history, emphasizing the importance of knowledge as a tool for empowerment.
Clarke’s commitment to uncovering and sharing the often-overlooked narratives of African civilizations helped to foster a sense of pride and unity within the African diaspora, igniting a passion for learning and cultural appreciation that continues to inspire scholars and activists alike. His legacy endures, reminding us that understanding our past is crucial for shaping a better future.
We mark this date, as he would have wanted us to: by remembering what he taught us, sharing the lessons and insights that continue to inspire new generations, and showing our gratitude for the knowledge that empowers us to understand our past and shape our future. Each story, each piece of wisdom passed down becomes a thread in the rich tapestry of our collective narrative, reminding us of our shared humanity. Let us celebrate his legacy by committing to lifelong learning and fostering a deeper appreciation of our cultural roots, exploring not only our own heritage but also the diverse influences that shape our communities today. Through engaging discussions, thoughtful reflections, and active participation in cultural events, we can ensure that his teachings resonate far beyond this moment, igniting a passion for learning and growth in those who follow. Together, we can create an environment where curiosity flourishes and respect for our history guides our journey forward.
Professor Black Truth creates engaging videos that simplify complex topics and make learning enjoyable, with a captivating teaching style and innovative educational content available on his channel HERE. His ability to break down intricate subjects into digestible pieces allows viewers of all ages to grasp even the most challenging concepts effortlessly. Each video combines rich visuals with clear explanations, making the learning experience not only informative but also entertaining. Whether you are looking to deepen your understanding of history, science, or culture, Professor Black Truth’s content is designed to inspire curiosity and foster a love for lifelong learning. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to explore a wealth of knowledge presented in a unique and engaging manner!
In this series, we celebrate the heroes of Africa and the African Diaspora who have significantly impacted politics, arts, sciences, and social justice, aiming to inspire future generations by exploring their struggles, triumphs, and lasting legacies while fostering a deeper understanding of African heritage and community in the pursuit of equality and justice. These remarkable individuals have not only challenged the status quo but also paved the way for transformative movements that resonate across the globe. By delving into their stories, we uncover the tenacity and creativity that fueled their quests for change, showcasing the richness of diverse experiences and perspectives. In doing so, we invite readers to reflect on the ongoing journey toward equity and to recognize the vital role that cultural heritage plays in shaping a just society. Through this exploration, we hope to ignite passion and purpose in younger generations, encouraging them to carry forward the torch of activism and advocacy in their own communities.
In today’s installment, we honor Dr. Yosef Ben-Jochannan, a distinguished scholar, historian, and author whose profound contributions have left an indelible mark on the field of African history and its connection to global civilization. His tireless dedication to uncovering the truths of African heritage has inspired countless individuals to delve deeper into understanding their roots and cultural legacy.
Throughout his life, Dr. Ben-Jochannan has sought to challenge the conventional narratives that often overlook the rich history of African peoples, emphasizing the importance of reclaiming one’s identity and understanding the broader implications of history on contemporary society. He believes that much of the historical discourse has been dominated by Eurocentric perspectives that fail to acknowledge the significant contributions of African civilizations. His work continues to illuminate the paths of knowledge and empowerment, encouraging new generations to embrace their heritage with pride and determination.
By sharing his insights and fostering critical discussions, he inspires individuals to delve deeper into their roots, recognizing the strength that comes from a well-understood past. In his lectures, writings, and community engagements, Dr. Ben-Jochannan champions the notion that understanding one’s history is not just about pride, but also about forging a path forward in a world that often seeks to erase such narratives. Through his tireless efforts, he serves as a beacon of hope and a catalyst for change, urging society to acknowledge and celebrate the diverse tapestry of human experience, thereby fostering a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of our shared history.
Shout out to Professor Black Truth for creating engaging videos that simplify complex topics, making learning enjoyable. His unique teaching style captivates viewers, and his channel HERE provides innovative educational content for deeper understanding.
This is a new series where, just as the title says, we honor the heroes, past and present, of Africa and the African Diaspora. These remarkable individuals have made significant contributions across various fields, including politics, arts, sciences, and social justice, shaping the cultural and historical landscape of the continent and beyond. By telling their stories, we aim to inspire future generations to recognize the strength and resilience that has characterized the African experience throughout history. We will delve into the lives of these figures, exploring their struggles and triumphs, as well as the enduring legacies they leave behind, fostering a deeper understanding of African heritage and the importance of community in the fight for equality and justice.
We begin with Dr. Chancellor Williams, whose profound contributions to African history have not only shaped our understanding of the past but also provided valuable insights for our present and future. His work stands as a testament to the resilience and richness of African culture, revealing the complexities of historical narratives that often go unacknowledged.
While his scholarly pursuits focused primarily on the experiences and achievements of African peoples, there’s more than a few lessons we could stand to learn from it, especially regarding the importance of preserving our legacies and understanding the significance of cultural identity in shaping our lives today. The rich history and diverse cultures of African peoples serve as a powerful reminder of how heritage influences not only individual identities but also the collective fabric of society.
By exploring these narratives, we can gain insights into resilience, creativity, and a profound sense of community that transcends geographical boundaries. Moreover, embracing and celebrating our unique cultural backgrounds enables us to foster mutual respect and empathy, essential traits in our increasingly interconnected world. Thus, it becomes imperative for us to engage in these discussions and actively participate in the preservation of our diverse legacies, not only for our benefit but for future generations to appreciate and learn from.
The professor creates engaging videos that simplify complex topics, making learning enjoyable and inspiring critical thinking. His unique teaching style captivates viewers, and his channel HERE offers innovative content and educational resources for those looking to deepen their understanding.
This post will be thoughtfully divided into two distinct parts, with the first part addressing the significant question of what Christmas should mean for Black Americans. In exploring this topic, I believe it’s essential to consider the historical and cultural context that shapes the Black American experience during this holiday.
To provide a deeper understanding, I have included insightful commentary from the professor, whose perspective can shed light on the complexities and unique traditions that enrich this celebration within the Black community. Through this exploration, we can better appreciate the values and meanings that Christmas holds for Black Americans today.
Or at least, what I think they SHOULD hold.
Black people should prioritize saving money and investing their overtime pay in local businesses, community initiatives, and educational opportunities to create a lasting impact. By doing so, they not only support the entrepreneurial spirit within their communities but also contribute to the development of a robust local economy that can withstand external pressures. This approach will enrich themselves and their communities by creating jobs that offer stable employment and generating a network of mutual support among local business owners and consumers.
Furthermore, investing in community initiatives not only addresses immediate needs but also fosters a sense of belonging and resilience. These initiatives, such as after-school programs or cultural events, can provide valuable resources and educational support to the youth, helping to instill confidence and ambition. As individuals acquire new skills through various educational opportunities, whether through traditional degree programs or hands-on vocational training, they enhance their economic prospects and better position themselves for career advancement. Ultimately, by strategically channeling their financial resources and engaging with their communities, individuals can break the cycle of dependency and foster sustainable success that reverberates through future generations.
Now for the second part, we have THIS.
Filmmaker and activist Peter Joseph created this segment for his thought-provoking movie, ZEITGEIST, which has sparked significant discussions around its themes. This particular segment presents a unique and often controversial view on the life of Jesus Christ, exploring not just his teachings and impact, but also delving into the historical and sociopolitical contexts surrounding his existence.
It discusses how religion, particularly Judeo-Christian beliefs, has been used for centuries as a powerful tool to control various aspects of the Western world, influencing everything from governance to social norms. Throughout history, this influence is evident in the establishment of laws and ethical systems that reflect religious tenets, which often dictate not only individual behavior but also societal expectations.
By analyzing these dynamics, Joseph encourages viewers to reflect critically on the role of religion in shaping cultural identities and power structures throughout history, prompting a deeper understanding of how these beliefs have not only unified communities but also created divisions, often serving as a justification for conflict and discrimination. He invites us to consider the implications of religious narratives on contemporary issues, urging a reassessment of the moral frameworks that guide modern governance and cultural interactions.
In this show, produced and hosted by Listervelt Middleton, For the People delivered African American history and culture every week to South Carolina ETV’s viewers. Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, a noted literary critic and historian, passionately discusses the significant and often overlooked role of Africans in pre-Columbian America during an insightful interview, effectively challenging conventional historical narratives that routinely marginalize the contributions of Africa and its peoples.
Through a careful examination of a variety of archaeological findings and artifacts, he meticulously presents compelling evidence to support his theories, asserting that Africans not only traveled to the Americas long before Columbus but also made a lasting and profound impact on the development of American civilization.
This impact is prominently highlighted in his thoughtful response to Listervelt’s question about the connections between Africans and early America, where he elaborates on the cultural exchanges, technological advancements, and agricultural practices that were likely influenced by African societies, thus urging a reevaluation of history to recognize the rich contributions of Africans to the New World.
Now if you actually watched the second video, then you will know why I posted the video below.
Shared on the 50th anniversary of the 1970 Ra II expedition, which famously sailed from Morocco to Barbados in an impressive 57 days, this groundbreaking journey demonstrated the intriguing possibility of pre-Columbian contact between the Mediterranean and the Americas. The expedition was noteworthy for its international crew, which included skilled members from various countries, all united in their quest for discovery while sailing proudly under the UN flag, symbolizing global cooperation and understanding. Directed by the renowned Thor Heyerdahl and Lennart Ehrenborg, the film was brought to life by cinematographers Kei Ohara and Carlo Mauri, who captured the essence of the adventure and the challenges faced by the crew. This extraordinary cinematic work was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, a prestigious recognition that marked Heyerdahl’s second nomination after his previous triumph with “Kon-Tiki” in 1951, a testament to his lasting influence on the field of documentary filmmaking and exploration. The Ra II expedition not only enriched our understanding of ancient maritime history but also encouraged further discussion on the interconnectedness of different cultures throughout history.
As anyone who has studied Capoeira history knows, capoeira was banned in Btazil after the abolition of slavery in 1888.
But why?
I asked this question on a couple of Capoeira forums to get some different opinions, but I was only able to get 1, because I directed the question to him specifically. So I can only give you 3 pers[ectives.
First was what I got from Google.
Capoeira was banned in Brazil after the abolition of slavery in 1888 because the government feared its use as a means of resistance by newly freed slaves, associating it with criminal activity and potential rebellion, leading to the practice being outlawed and heavily persecuted by authorities; essentially, capoeira was seen as a threat to social order due to its potential for violent use by marginalized populations.
Key points about the ban
Origin as a resistance tool:Slaves developed capoeira as a way to secretly practice self-defense, disguised as dance, to fight back against their enslavers.
Post-slavery concerns: After emancipation, the Brazilian government feared that capoeira would be used by former slaves to incite unrest, leading to its criminalization.
Social stigma: Capoeira became associated with gangs and criminal elements, further contributing to its negative perception.
Mestre Bimba’s role: Later, Mestre Bimba played a key role in legitimizing capoeira by creating a structured teaching method and presenting it as a sport, which eventually led to the lifting of the ban. ;
Second, we have the perspective of Head coach Ras of Atacxgym:
The reason Kipura ( not Capoeira, as that term was created by Raphael Bluteau a racist sexist Catholic priest, as like the good racistfeudalist clergyman he was, he almost wholly mispronounced and almost wholly misunderstood both the word and every facet of practice of Kipura ) is because Kipura at once is:
1. A nigh invincible self defense system that is inexplicably, stridently culturally linguistically racially and blatantly Black Power centered of by and from Alkebulan. Meaning the racistfeudalists would be faced with the specter of a clearly Alkebulan warrior system, practiced by Alkebulans, unending their colonial dreams as well as the corrupted and altered Biblical scriptures ( which were not the original scriptures or interpretations which we see in the Ge’ez Scriptures ) as well as flat out lies of White superiority which propelled the ( recently civilized by Alkebulans ) Euro and Arab nobility and aristocracy false justifications hiding their real reasons ( they want ultimate power, fear we Alkebulans will prevent them from getting ultimate power because of our enormous mineral wealth and mindboggling achievements in every area ahows we can subjugate the world forever if we so chose ) to create and engage in race specific chattel slavery.
2. Kipura is every bit as powerful if not even more powerful as a whole human development system as it is a combat system. Kipura unfettered would produce intellectual and civilization al superiority because it already did so for over 890 years.
3. White elites wanted and still want now to dominate subjugation and control the world, and harness all components of the world to the machine of their own perpetually growing and exclusively their own power without consequences to be even possible by those whom they subjugate.
That means US.
Kipura warriors demolish those possibilities in every way.
Now, here’s my perspective:
The reason why I think Capoeira was banned and made illegal in 1888 was because of its potential to bring all social classes, races, and creeds of people together, uniting them in a shared practice that transcended societal barriers. This unique martial art form not only provided a means of physical expression but also fostered a sense of community and belonging among diverse groups. The rhythmic movements, music, and dance elements of Capoeira created an environment where participants could connect with one another, forging bonds that challenged the existing social hierarchies. As Capoeira gained popularity and recognition, it posed a significant threat to the established colonial system that the elites of Brazil had created, one that relied on division and dominance. The very existence of this cultural expression could inspire a collective identity and resistance among the oppressed, leading the ruling class to see it as a danger that needed to be suppressed for the sake of maintaining their power and control over the population.
Most Martial Arts originate from conflict, and Capoeira emerged from RESISTANCE in 16th century Brazil as a safe haven for enslaved people to gather, train, and share strategies. It represents a form of embodied resistance for the African diaspora, remaining a tool for social empowerment. Capoeira not only involves physical resistance against oppression but also fosters community solidarity and shared leadership. Its history reflects the struggle for freedom and self-expression, highlighting the resilience and creativity of marginalized communities, while its movements and songs celebrate the fight against injustice.
As practitioners engage in the art, they not only refine their skills through powerful kicks and agile dodges but also cultivate a profound sense of identity and belonging. The music that accompanies Capoeira, played on traditional instruments such as the berimbau and atabaque, creates an atmosphere of vibrancy and unity, encouraging participants to chant and sing as they move. This dynamic practice not only preserves the rich cultural heritage of African traditions but also serves as a living testament to the enduring spirit of those who fought against adversity. Furthermore, Capoeira’s emphasis on improvisation and creativity empowers individuals to express themselves freely, promoting personal growth and social cohesion, which further contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding equality and justice in contemporary society.
2 examples of this happened last weekend, and this weekend.
On December 14th & 15th, Mestre Themba Mashama gave a lecture and an amazing Capoeira Angola workshop, providing healing space for expansion and growth.
In these days, when so many things are shifting and changing, we find it an immense privilege to have access to living repositories of wisdom, alignment, and guidance—our elders. These are the individuals who have walked the paths before us, who have navigated the complexities of life and emerged with insights that are invaluable. The ones who guide us and teach us from their experience so that our experiences can be better, providing us not only with knowledge but also with the strength to face our own challenges. We can do and be better for the young ones when the old ones have our back, offering support and encouragement that inspires resilience. This bridge of information and light from source and back to the source inside all of us creates an enduring connection, reminding us of our shared humanity and interdependence, as we learn to weave our stories into the rich tapestry of life that encompasses all generations.
And yesterday, we at Capoeiristas for Change had our 4th Annual Essential Item & Toy Drive, an event that has become a staple in our commitment to giving back to the community.
This drive is designed to service not only our local El Sereno area but also the broader LA community, expanding our reach to touch the lives of many who are less fortunate. Additionally, we aim to support the migrants at the US/Mex border, a group that often faces immense challenges and hardships. Today, a dedicated team of our volunteers set out on a heartfelt mission, delivering some of the collected goods directly to the people in need there, ensuring that our efforts have a tangible impact on those who require assistance the most. It is inspiring to witness the generosity and kindness of our supporters, as each toy and essential item collected represents a beacon of hope for families during these trying times.
Well, you have 3 perspectives on why Capoeira was banned. I believe they are not only correct, but they complement each other, creating a comprehensive understanding of this complex issue. Each perspective sheds light on different cultural, social, and political factors that contributed to the prohibition, allowing us to see the multifaceted nature of the situation.
Additionally, these viewpoints underscore the historical context in which Capoeira developed, illustrating how its roots in resistance and community were perceived as threats by those in power. By examining these reasons collectively, we can appreciate not only the resilience of Capoeira but also the enduring spirit of those who practiced it in the face of oppression.
Welcome to TODAY IN BLACK MEDIA, your source for news and cultural discussions from an African American perspective. We highlight diverse voices, celebrate global black achievements, and provide insightful commentary on issues affecting the African Diasporic community. Our goal is to amplify important stories, inspire change, and foster an inclusive dialogue that recognizes the contributions of black experiences and culture in society. Join us in exploring race, culture, identity, and the importance of representation in the media.
In this Installment…
In a recent interview, Vovô, the esteemed leader of the legendary all-black Carnaval group and a powerful symbol of black pride, Ilê Aiyê, calls out black Brazilians who are only black in November festivities, Brazil’s Black Consciousness Month. He emphasizes the importance of embracing one’s identity and cultural heritage every day of the year, not just during specific events.
Vovô passionately articulates that true pride goes beyond mere participation in superficial celebrations; it demands an active engagement with one’s roots, values, and traditions consistently throughout the year. He urges his audience to recognize the richness of their history and to foster a sense of community that thrives beyond the confines of a calendar month. It is this daily commitment to cultural identity that can inspire future generations and create a lasting impact on society, ensuring that the spirit of black pride is woven into the fabric of everyday life in Brazil.
Vovô passionately advocates for unity and continuous celebration of black culture, urging individuals to educate themselves and others about the rich history and significant contributions of black Brazilians to the fabric of the nation. He emphasizes that understanding this heritage is not just a task for the designated commemorative months but a vital part of everyday life. By sharing stories, traditions, and achievements, he hopes to inspire a deeper connection to their roots and challenge societal norms that often sideline black voices outside of these designated times.
He believes that fostering discussions within families and communities can create a more inclusive environment, allowing everyone to appreciate the diverse influences that shape Brazil’s identity. Through workshops, local events, and storytelling, Vovô envisions a future where the legacy of black culture is celebrated year-round, enriching all aspects of society and creating lasting change.
Shout out to Black Brazil Today for an engaging video that simplifies complex topics and inspires interest among viewers; this channel is a fantastic resource for anyone eager to deepen their understanding of cultural dynamics and societal issues. Be sure to explore his channel HERE for innovative content and educational resources that not only inform but also challenge conventional perceptions, fostering a more inclusive dialogue in our communities. With a variety of topics covered, you’re bound to find something that resonates with your interests and encourages further exploration into the intricacies of Black culture in Brazil.
Welcome to TODAY IN BLACK MEDIA, your premier source for news and cultural discussions from an African American perspective, highlighting diverse voices and celebrating global black achievements. Here, we provide a platform for insightful commentary and analysis on pressing issues that affect the African American community, while fostering a deeper understanding and engagement in social justice initiatives.
Our commitment extends beyond mere reporting; we aim to amplify stories that matter, inspire change, and connect individuals across cultures. By showcasing a broad spectrum of narratives, we strive to create a more inclusive dialogue that recognizes the rich tapestry of black experiences and contributions to society. Join us as we explore the intersections of race, culture, and identity, and champion the importance of representation in all facets of the media.
Today, we have another installment from professor Black Truth.
The first year of Trump’s presidency saw the Charlottesville riot, fueled by white supremacy and extremist ideologies, involving figures like Nick Fuentes, who has been associated with the alt-right movement. This event highlighted a troubling rise in racial tensions and extremist ideologies in America, revealing how longstanding societal issues had resurfaced with renewed vigor, echoing the deep divides that have historically plagued the nation. As protests against a Confederate statue turned chaotic, resulting in injuries and fatalities, the nation was forced to confront its historical grievances and the ongoing struggles for racial equality and justice.
The dramatic scenes of violence and confrontation were televised, prompting widespread outrage and concern from citizens across the political spectrum who condemned the violence and the ideologies fueling it. Moreover, this incident became a catalyst for numerous discussions around the role of monuments in public spaces, the implications of hate speech, and the responsibilities of leadership in addressing such divisive topics, further solidifying its place in the narrative of contemporary American society.
The reactions from political leaders ignited fierce debates on nationalism, racism, and the role of public figures in confronting dangerous rhetoric that had long been simmering beneath the surface of American political discourse. Many argued that such extremism was emboldened by the political climate at the time, marking a significant moment in US politics and underscoring the country’s deep divisions that had grown increasingly palpable in recent years. The incident served as a catalyst for discussions around social justice, civil rights, and the responsibilities of citizens and leaders alike in fostering an inclusive society that celebrates diversity rather than shuns it.
In many ways, Charlottesville became a symbol of the ongoing struggle between progressive values and regressive ideologies, reflecting deep-seated issues that threaten the fabric of American democracy. This pivotal moment not only prompted grassroots movements advocating for change but also revealed the urgent need for a collective reassessment of what constitutes patriotism in a nation as diverse as the United States. It highlighted the importance of dialogue and understanding in a time of polarization, emphasizing that true patriotism requires an acknowledgment of varying perspectives and experiences.
As communities grappled with the aftermath of these events, they began to recognize the necessity of building bridges rather than walls, fostering a sense of unity while embracing differences. The events in Charlottesville served as a wake-up call, reminding citizens of the vital role they play in shaping the nation’s future and the responsibility they hold to challenge injustices.
The professor’s engaging video simplifies complex topics, making learning enjoyable and inspiring interest. For those looking to enhance their understanding while being entertained, his channel offers innovative content and educational resources that spark curiosity. Explore his channel HERE for a wealth of knowledge!
The cultural heritage of Black Americans is a rich tapestry woven from the threads of history, struggle, and resilience. It encompasses not only music, literature, and art but also shared traditions, spiritual practices, and communal ties that bind communities together. In the face of systemic racism and ongoing efforts to erase their narratives, it is imperative for Black Americans to actively safeguard their cultural expressions and ensure that their contributions are recognized and celebrated.
Appropriation, oftentimes, leads to a dilution of these unique aspects of identity, where elements are taken out of context, stripped of their significance, and com-modified for profit without acknowledgment or respect. Hence, it is crucial for Black Americans to assert their voices, educate others, and create platforms that uphold the integrity of their culture, fostering pride and unity while combating the forces that seek to undermine their identity.
Below, An Afro-Latina woman calls on Black Americans to gate keep their culture, sparking a vital conversation about cultural erasure and appropriation. From hip-hop and R&B to reggaeton and salsa, Black culture has been historically co-opted and whitewashed, often leading to the misrepresentation of its origins and significance. This appropriation not only diminishes the contributions of Black artists but also perpetuates stereotypes that undermine their societal roles.
In this video, we explore why protecting cultural boundaries is essential, the impact of appropriation on community identity and representation, and how solidarity can preserve Black heritage.
By fostering awareness and encouraging dialogue around these pressing issues, we can work collectively to honor the richness of Black culture and ensure that its narratives are authentically represented. It is paramount to understand that cultural boundaries serve not merely as limits but as vital frameworks that protect the integrity of various communities.
The consequences of appropriation extend beyond mere misrepresentation; they can lead to the erasure of histories and the marginalization of voices that have long been silenced. This phenomenon not only robs communities of their narratives but also perpetuates stereotypes and misunderstandings. By actively engaging in discussions about these topics, we create a space where Black voices are amplified and celebrated, allowing for a deeper understanding of the complexities within Black culture.
This dialogue fosters an environment of mutual respect and learning, encouraging individuals from diverse backgrounds to appreciate the richness and diversity that Black culture contributes to society. This not only helps in preserving heritage but also nurtures a sense of pride among community members, inspiring future generations to explore and share their rich cultural legacies. As we recognize and honor the contributions of Black individuals and communities, we pave the way for inclusivity that honors the past while promoting a more equitable future.
Jogo Corpo Fechado 