“There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. There are not more than five primary colours, yet in combination, they produce more hues than can ever been seen. There are not more than five cardinal tastes, yet combinations of
them yield more flavours than can ever be tasted.”
― Sun Tzu, The Art of War“
Chapa de costas (back plate) is a powerful back push kick in capoeira, and one of the few principal capoeira‘s kicks, showcasing the art’s fluidity and dynamism. It is also considered a fundamental kick in the traditional African martial art engolo, which serves as a historical forerunner to capoeira, illustrating the deep cultural roots shared between these martial arts. Specifically, Chapa de costas is a signature kick of capoeira Angola, characterized by its graceful execution and tactical application in both offensive and defensive scenarios. This “malicious” kick not only requires precision but also utilizes agility, being similar to chapa de frente, applied strategically from behind to catch the opponent off guard.
Furthermore, Engolo, an Angolan martial art, embraces a wide range of techniques involving back push kicks, which may include rotations with or without jumping to enhance unpredictability and versatility in combat scenarios. Among its notable variations is the hooking kick, executed from behind when in close proximity to the opponent, emphasizing the element of surprise in combat dynamics. This technique not only demands precision and timing but also highlights the practitioner’s ability to read their opponent’s movements, allowing for a more strategic approach to martial engagements. Engolo also draws profound inspiration from animal behaviors, particularly in the techniques that mimic the fighting styles of zebras, effectively showcasing how these majestic animals have influenced martial training. Practitioners study the grace and agility of zebras in the wild to refine their own skills, emphasizing fluidity and responsiveness in their movements. A key aspect of Engolo is the “zebra kick,” artfully performed with palms on the ground, requiring a remarkable level of balance and strength, and exemplifying the beautifully coordinated movements that define these rich martial arts traditions.
This particular kick serves as a demonstration of the intricate relationship between athleticism and artistry in Engolo, as each movement is executed with an aesthetic quality that speaks to the history and culture of the art. This integration of nature and technique not only underscores the philosophical connections between martial practices and the environment they originate from but also cultivates not just physical prowess but also a deeper understanding of one’s surroundings, fostering a holistic approach to both training and personal development. The practice of Engolo nurtures respect for the natural world, encouraging practitioners to embody the virtues observed in animals, which in turn translates into their martial discipline.
Chapa de costas usually aims at the opponent’s face or groin area. According to mestre Pastinha, chapa de costas is a “treacherous strike when used against someone unfamiliar with capoeira”, as the opponent is violently struck when they believe the attacker is withdrawing. So Pastinha warns that a cautious capoeirista is “suspicious” and does not allow to be fooled by the apparent withdrawal of a potential aggressor.
Jogo Corpo Fechado 