“There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. There are not more than five primary colours, yet in combination, they produce more hues than can ever been seen. There are not more than five cardinal tastes, yet combinations of
them yield more flavours than can ever be tasted.”
― Sun Tzu, The Art of War“
Capoeira Angola is a defensive martial art known for its intricate trap-like defenses designed to catch opponents off guard and provide fluidity in movement. It encompasses 8 basic defenses, each with unique unexpected attacks and counter-attacks based on the opponent’s positioning, which are essential for creating opportunities during a confrontation. Mastery of these movements enables capoeiristas to defend against individuals carrying various weapons, including sticks, clubs, knives, and potentially even firearms with the appropriate skills; by understanding the principles of anatomy, timing, and rhythm, practitioners can enhance their ability to react swiftly and effectively. Furthermore, the art form emphasizes not only physical technique but also the mental aspects of strategy and awareness, allowing capoeiristas to anticipate an opponent’s actions and respond accordingly, making it a holistic approach to self-defense that integrates body and mind.
Today, I’m gonna “type” about one of the most fundamental techniques, one of the “trademarks” if you will, of Capoeira Angola, the RASTEIRA.
“When you understand the rasteira you are very close to understanding the philosophy behind the art form known as capoeira. […] The rasteira represents the victory of knowledge over brute force, of shrewdness over strength. It is the weapon of the weak against the strong, of the oppressed against the oppressor.”
Rasteira is a foot sweep technique in capoeira that typically counters high kicks and disrupts the opponent’s balance by using their own force against them. It is fundamental in traditional capoeira and is a hallmark of an exceptional capoeirista, alongside the meia lua de compasso. Developed from the Angolan martial art engolo, rasteira can be executed from various positions.
The rasteira takedown is a defensive move performed by capoeiristas to counter an opponent’s attack, typically targeting their support leg during kicks. It involves instinctively evading the strike while sweeping the leg, often causing the attacker to fall on their back, which can be dangerous if they’re untrained. Mastering the rasteira enables one to effectively deal with aggressive opponents, and it is said, “The harder they come, the harder they fall.”
In friendly contexts, one can feign the move without actual contact, but targeting hands during handstands or cartwheels can result in serious injuries and should be avoided. Engaging in such playful interactions might seem harmless, yet the risk of causing an accident remains significant, especially if the individual performing the maneuver is not fully aware of their surroundings. It is crucial to emphasize safety and proper technique, as even a slight miscalculation during these activities can lead to falls or strains. Therefore, participants should exercise caution and communicate effectively about their intentions to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone involved.
The rasteira can be performed with one, two, or no hands on the ground. The variations of rasteira include:
- crouching sweep (rasteira do chão)
- back crouching sweep (rasteira de costas)
- standing sweep (banda or rasteira em pé)
- back standing sweep (banda de costas)
Crouching sweep (rasteira)
The Crouching sweep, known as rasteira or rasteira do chão, is a fundamental move in capoeira. To execute it, the capoeirista drops to one leg, balancing with their arms, and bends their trunk close to their thigh. They then extend the opposite leg and make a circular motion to sweep the opponent’s foot, aiming to hook their ankle or leg and topple them if they do not react quickly enough.
Back crouching sweep (rasteira de costas)
Rasteira de costas (back sweep) is a quick crouching sweep executed from a backward rotation, aiming at the back of the opponent’s ankle in less than a second. This maneuver resembles a low Rabo de arraia and is referred to as encruzilhada (crossroads) by some authors, found in the game of batuque, while others recognize it in ngolo.
Standing sweep (rasteira em pé)
The standing sweep is primarily used against direct kicks like martelo (roundhouse kick), and is effective when the opponent’s weight is on one leg, though it’s rarely successful. To execute it, position your foot behind their supporting leg and twist to sweep their foot off the ground. This technique is also referred to as banda or banda de frente, with the latter sometimes indicating a different method that involves using the knee of the attacking leg to push the opponent’s legs forward.
Back standing sweep (banda de costas)
Banda de costas (back band) is a takedown technique where the player thrusts forward to land on one foot and performs a back sweep using their heel to trip the opponent, leading to a loss of balance and a fall. It is most effective when sweeping both legs but is challenging against experienced opponents. This technique often serves as a counter against kicks like queixada and armada or during unexpected moments in a game.
Grass cutter (corta-capim)
Corta-capim (grass cutter) is a specific foot sweep technique often used in uneven fights, where one person confronts multiple opponents. The capoeirista lowers their body to one leg and violently extends the other leg to sweep the opponent. From queda de quatro, the fighter sweeps one leg in a semi-circle to target the opponent’s planted foot, similar to a rasteira, also aiming to lock onto the opponent’s foot for effective takedowns.
As a child, Mestre João Grande saw some guys doing corta capim in the street, and heard: “Do that movement to a person and the person will fall.” That sparked his lifelong interest in capoeira.
This very special takedown of old capoeira is used mostly as a floreo today.
Rasteiras de Mao
Rasteira is a simple yet effective capoeira move that involves placing your hands firmly on the ground while using your legs to create momentum. As you rotate your leg at a 180º angle, the objective is to strategically knock down the opponent, creating an opening for follow-up maneuvers. This move not only showcases agility but also requires precise timing and body control, making it a fundamental technique in the capoeira practitioner’s repertoire. Mastering the rasteira can greatly enhance one’s ability to fluidly transition between offensive and defensive postures during a match.
Jogo Corpo Fechado 